Topic: Explain the modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for osteoporosis. H

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Topic: Explain the modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for osteoporosis. How can a nurse support the patient in managing the health condition and restore the patient to optimal health?
Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.
Example 1 (bind)
Osteoporosis is an important health concern for society today. Osteoporosis is categorized as a metabolic bone disorder. It occurs when the new bone formation lags behind the removal of old bone. This causes the bones to become weak and brittle, so that a fall or even minor stresses such as bending over can result in a fracture of the bone. It is distinguished by decreased bone mass, degeneration of the bone matrix, and reduced bone architectural strength.
Non-modifiable risk variables include one’s gender, age, heritage, and ethnicity. Age is an important issue since bone density declines with age. Women are more vulnerable, particularly postmenopausal women, due to reduced estrogen levels. Being of Caucasian or Asian heritage, as well as having a family history of osteoporosis, increases risk. Modifiable risk factors include lifestyle choices and health problems that can be changed to lower risk. These include insufficient calcium and vitamin D intake, sedentary behavior, smoking, excessive alcohol use, and some drugs such as glucocorticoids. Improving the diet to contain appropriate vitamin D and calcium, regular weight-bearing activities, quitting smoking, and reducing alcohol use can dramatically lower the chance of developing osteoporosis. Nurses can help their patients through education of the disease and encouraging promotion of exercise and diets containing vitamin D and calcium. They can teach the patients of the impact that smoking or alcohol consumption when it comes to osteoporosis and help assist them with gradual decrease of these if the patient participates in either. Collaboration with other health care providers can help with adjusting of medications or regular check-ups and assessments.
References:
Jarrell, L. (2023). Osteoporosis management in primary care. The Nurse Practitioner, 48 (9), 11-20. doi: 10.1097/01.NPR.0000000000000090.
Carteron, N. (2023, November). Osteoporosis: Risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155646
Example 2 ( rose) According to Valenzuela-Martínez et al. (2023), osteoporosis is a prevalent problem today, mostly affecting the aging population. It is characterized by weakened bones that increase the risk of fractures. Falkner and Green (2022) note that direct trauma equally causes fractures, and in the case where weakened bones lead to fractures, loss of bone minerals led to the thinning of the bones (p. 104). Various factors make up the risk factors for osteoporosis and they are grouped into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. The modifiable risk factors are those factors that can be worked on or changed to improve bone health and they include lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption, inadequate nutritional absorption or poor diet, and smoking (Pouresmaeili et al., 2018). One’s family history, ethnicity, age, and gender are factors that cannot be changed by virtue of the fact that they are born that way, hence these factors are known as non-modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis. As a nurse in care of an osteoporosis patient, they should encourage the patient to perform motion exercises to prevent immobility, consult with a physical therapist to explore the option of rehabilitation with consideration of the patient’s current condition, and review their lifestyle choices including alcohol consumption, smoking cessation, and nutritional diet intake (Valenzuela-Martínez et al., 2023). Their mental health could be impacted negatively by their pain and limitations with patients shown to experience depression and mood changes; hence the need for adequate psychosocial support resources for the patient (Falkner & Green, 2022, p.109). Doing these will encourage the patient in managing their condition towards restoration of optimal health.
References
Falkner, A., & Green, S. Z (2022). Musculoskeletal, metabolism, and multisystem complexities. In Grand Canyon University (Ed): Pathophysiology: Clinical applications for client health (2nd Ed). https://bibliu.com/app/#/view/books/1000000000590/epub/Chapter5.html#
Pouresmaeili, F., Kamalidehghan, B., Kamarehei, M., & Goh, Y. M. (2018). A comprehensive overview on osteoporosis and its risk factors. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 14, 2029-2049. https://doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S138000
Valenzuela-Martínez, S., Ramírez-Expósito, M. J., Carrera-González, M. P., & Martínez-Martos, J. M. (2023). Physiopathology of osteoporosis: Nursing involvement and management. Biomedicines, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041220
Example 3 Logan Osteoporosis is defined by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disorders, “Osteoporosis is a bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases, or when the structure and strength of bone changes. This can lead to a decrease in bone strength that can increase the risk of fractures (broken bones)” (2022). There are both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for this disease. As stated by the West Virginia Department of Health, some risk factors that are non-modifiable are gender, age, body size, ethnicity, and family history. Some risk factors that are modifiable and can be changed include sex hormones, anorexia nervosa, calcium and vitamin D intake, lifestyle, cigarette smoking, and alcohol intake (2022). Osteoporosis can affect certain people more than others, for example. Small framed, Caucasian and Asian women are at higher risk of developing osteoporosis. It is important to understand the risk factors and which ones are able to be controlled. When a nurse is caring for these patients, it is important to understand the lifestyle modifications needed in order to maintain optimal health. Medication adherence, healthy eating habits, appropriate physical activity and maintaining a positive mental health state are all essential for obtaining optimal health while battling this condition. References
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disorders. (2022, December 1). Osteoporosis. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disorders. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteoporosis#:~:text=Osteoporosis%20is%20a%20bone%20disease,of%20fractures%20(broken%20bones).
West Virginia Department of Health. (n.d.). Osteoporosis Risk Factors. West Virginia Department of Health. https://dhhr.wv.gov/hpcd/FocusAreas/osteoporosis/Pages/Osteo-Risk-Factors.aspx

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